Innovation - What It Means to Think Outside the Box

How often have you heard the expression "thinking outside the box"? What does it mean and how can it help you and your business?

The expression comes from a fairly well known puzzle of 9 dots arranged in three rows of three forming a "box." To solve the puzzle you must connect all 9 dots with only 4 lines without picking up your pencil. Most of the time when I show this puzzle to an audience I get those head nods that they have seen it before and then the pained look as they admit, "I can't remember how to solve it."

The expression "thinking outside the box" is the best clue. You will need to draw lines that extend outside the box formed by the dots in order to solve the puzzle.

Innovation - What It Means to Think Outside the Box

So what is the lesson for business teams and individuals who want to innovate?

Staying within a confined space or set of confining rules will badly limit the ability to come up with new and different ideas that could lead to innovation. Einstein said, and I paraphrase, 'you can't find solutions by continuing to think in the ways that created the problem in the first place.'

This series of articles will each address a different technique or template to enhance idea generation that can lead to innovation.

The definition of innovation that I use is 'an idea not done in exactly the same way as already available and for which there is some level of demand (willingness to pay).' Please note that this is not limited to physical products. It could be a new way of providing a service, for example. Or it could be a new technique for establishing a plan or procedure.

Every one of these were innovations when someone thought of them: New combinations such as adding an unusual ingredient to a recipe that creates a new and distinct flavor. New way to package an existing item that makes it easier to open or to get all the contents out. A new way to package that keeps the contents fresher. A piece of clothing made from a fabric never used for that type of garment before. An electronic element added to what had been a board game. A template for running a meeting or planning event that has never been used before. A keyboard divided in half so that it can be angled the way our hands fit naturally on our arms. Medical advice given live through chat and video online that before required a face-to-face visit to a doctor's office. A pager to let clients know when the table at a restaurant is ready or 10 minutes before a doctor or other professional will be ready to see you. An automated return phone call system when the wait time gets excessive on a technical support line.

Other innovations have happened by accident, a mistake that turns out to be a useful and profitable idea such as post-it® notes for 3M.

Whether a happy accident or a deliberate brainstorming or experimental event, each happened because the participants had an open mind and were willing to think outside the box.

Innovation - What It Means to Think Outside the Box
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Hazel Wagner, PhD, MBA, CMC

Author, Speaker, Consultant, Entrepreneur, Business Brain Facilitator
Certified/Qualified in DISC, HBDI, Mindex, MBTI Myers-Briggs
hazel.wagner@b9d.com

Author: Power Brainstorming: Great Ideas at Lightning Speed
http://www.hazelwagner.com
http://www.brainstorming-that-works.com

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Innovation: Thinking Outside The Box

When innovators talk about thinking outside the box, they mean coming up with creative ways to solve problems - new ways to look at things. How do they do it? How can you do it too? We first have to ask what the "box" is. Then we can look at how to get outside of it.

The "box" is the normal way of doing things and looking at things. It is the assumptions that almost everyone involved is making. The best way to start thinking out of the box then, is to identify and challenge all the assumptions that make up thinking inside the box.

One of the major liquor brands was faltering years ago, and they couldn't seem to boost their sales. Promotions, lowering the price, getting better shelf placement - these were the "in the box" solutions. Then someone challenged the assumptions, by asking "What if we stopped the promotions and just raised the price?"

Innovation: Thinking Outside The Box

The price was raised as an experiment, and sales soon doubled. As it turns out, some types of liquor are bought quite often as gifts. Buyers don't want to buy the most expensive one, but they also don't want to seem cheap, so they won't buy products that don't cost enough. Now imagine what happens to your profit margins when you raise the price and double the sales. That's the power of thinking outside of the box.

Ways To Get Outside The Box

Challenging assumptions is a powerful creative problem solving technique. The difficult part is to identify the assumptions. If you are designing a new motorcycle, write down assumptions like "speed matters," "it has to run on gas" and "it needs two wheels," not because you expect to prove these wrong, but because challenging these can lead to creative possibilities. Maybe the time has come for an electric three-wheeled motorcycle.

Another way to get to creative solutions is to "assume the absurd." This is either fun or annoying, depending on how open-minded you can be. All you do is start making absurd assumptions, then finding ways to make sense of them. The easiest way to do it is by asking "what if."

What if a carpet cleaning business was better off with half as many customers? It seems absurd, but work with it. Hmm...less stressful, perhaps. More profitable if each customer was worth three times as much. Is that possible? Commercial jobs that involve large easy-to-clean spaces (theaters, offices, convention halls) make more money in a day than houses, with fewer headaches. Focusing on getting those accounts could be the most profitable way to go - not so absurd.

Another way to more innovative ideas is to literally do your thinking out of the box. Get out of the house or the office. Look around at how others are doing things. On busses in Ecuador, salesmen put a product into everyones hands and let them hold it while they do a sales pitch. Then you have to give back "your" product or pay for it. It is very effective. How could you use the principle in your business?

Innovation: Thinking Outside The Box
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Steve Gillman has been studying brainpower and related topics for years. For more creative problem solving techniques, and to subscribe to the Brain Power Newsletter, visit: http://www.IncreaseBrainPower.com

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Business Innovation - Effective Team Structures

Creativity can be defined as problem identification and idea generation whilst innovation can be defined as idea selection, development and commercialisation.

There are other useful definitions in this field, for example, creativity can be defined as consisting of a number of ideas, a number of diverse ideas and a number of novel ideas.

There are distinct processes that enhance problem identification and idea generation and, similarly, distinct processes that enhance idea selection, development and commercialisation. Whilst there is no sure fire route to commercial success, these processes improve the probability that good ideas will be generated and selected and that investment in developing and commercialising those ideas will not be wasted.

Business Innovation - Effective Team Structures

Effective Team Structures

The fact that the sum of ideas produced by individuals working alone is greater than the number of ideas produced by those individuals working in a group, is an indicator that team and groups structures are important considerations:

a) Large teams benefit from intellectual cross-pollination, but factors such as groupthink, core and peripheral information channels, status interactions, social loafing and individual shut downs reduce overall performance.

b) Pairs reduce intellectual cross pollination but some of the above inhibitors are also reduced. However, pairs are very successful - many comedy partnerships and creative teams in advertising working pairs.

c) Individuals are prone to path dependency, parochialism and competency traps. But many well known creations have been developed by individuals alone.

So what is the most effective team structure?

These and other topics are covered in depth in the MBA dissertation on Managing Creativity & Innovation, which can be purchased (along with a Creativity and Innovation DIY Audit, Good Idea Generator Software and Power Point Presentation) from http://www.managing-creativity.com/

You can also receive a regular, free newsletter by entering your email address at this site.

Kal Bishop, MBA

**********************************

You are free to reproduce this article as long as no changes are made and the author's name and site URL are retained.

Business Innovation - Effective Team Structures
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Kal Bishop is a management consultant based in London, UK. He has consulted in the visual media and software industries and for clients such as Toshiba and Transport for London. He has led Improv, creativity and innovation workshops, exhibited artwork in San Francisco, Los Angeles and London and written a number of screenplays. He is a passionate traveller. He can be reached on http://www.managing-creativity.com/

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The History of Skittles Candy - A Sweet Testament to Marketing Innovation

The History of Skittles Candy has come a long way since the 'Skittles Original' packages made their way to American shores. It has been about 30 years and the makers of the colorful candy brand continue to be innovative in their efforts to capture more sugar candy market share. Following the history of Skittles Candy sweets, their product development and their marketing reveal the marks of a great brand. And being ahead of the trend curve has been a policy with Mars Snackfood US brands, which is why they currently have two of the top five sugar brands.

The first campaign that led the Skittles Original brand invasion came under the theme 'Taste the Rainbow. Any one who has followed the History of Skittles Candy can tell you it was hugely successful. Who could ever doubt the authenticity or dare I say divinity of sweets whose colors perfectly match the magnificent aura of the rainbow.

Through out the history of Skittles sweets, staying on top is no doubt the intent of the company in keeping lock step with theme of 'taste the rainbow for almost 10-years. So, "why fix it if it's not broke?" Well, the sugary sands of public tastes shift over time. Teenagers that were polled thought that the earlier ads were too boring. So the producers experimented with other bylines that further engaged their largest consumer, the youth of America. The ad, 'Believe the Rainbow,' was thus born. The ever popular Skittles flavors, Tropical Skittles and Wild Berry Skittles, were released during this time around 1989 closely followed by Sour Skittles in 2000.

The History of Skittles Candy - A Sweet Testament to Marketing Innovation

The pollsters also discovered that school age children were not only interested in Skittles Flavors for the fruit taste. They also liked them for the purpose of throwing them at friends, bouncing them as well or just plain making noise with them. The history of Skittles Candy further developed with this revelation and led to the hatching yet another campaign. This time it was 'Experience the Rainbow'

Being relevant to their fans is a mission with Mars, so in March 2009 the Company decided to jump on the social media band wagon and launched a new look to its internet presence - a web portal. From the Original Fruit Skittles and Tropical Skittles to the wildly popular Chocolate Skittles and Crazy Cores the sweets' creators continue to experiment and innovate with varied flavors to their products. After all when it comes to taste - 'the customer is always right'.

Other Skittles flavors and product innovations followed including Smoothie Mix, Ice Cream, Carnival, Double Sour, Mint and Extreme Fruit Gum-Skittles Gum. The most recent additions to the family are the Chocolate Skittles (Mix) and Skittles Crazy Cores.

The history of Skittles Candy is colorful indeed. A story that is rarely told has it that, the the first man to ever see a rainbow was actually popping sugary round tarts into his mouth as he watched the sun set off the stern of his ark-like ship. Whether that is fact or urban legend let's leave it to our imagination. As for the delightful fruit flavors of Skittle Candy you only have to buy a box and taste to see whether their story is real.

The History of Skittles Candy - A Sweet Testament to Marketing Innovation
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Matthews Archery - A Tradition of Innovation

Mathews Archery innovation is instilled in every inventive product they've created. From innovative creations like "Single Cam Technology, Inline Grip, Harmonic Damping, Perimeter-Weighed Cam, V-Lock Limb Cup System, Even-More Parallel Limb Design, and HP Cam, Matthews Archery has turned into the standard that all other archery bows are judged.

Mathews Archery Single Cam Technology

The technology is the ultimate model of "addition by subtraction". Since the technology's inception in 1992, Mathews Archery has been accountable for the huge number of modernism in bows that have not just enhanced performance, but have reduced complexity as well.

Matthews Archery - A Tradition of Innovation

The simplicity of the Single Cam technology has undoubtedly unleashed many advantages and additions that made the two-cam bow outdated. Among the technology's advantages include faster, more forgiving, and more accurate performance, as well as less noise, less maintenance, less recoil, solid wall, no synchronization problems, and the highest efficiency ever recorded for bows. Archery Bows

Mathews Archery offers various kinds of bows with first-rate and high-tech qualities. From hunting bows, competition bows, beginner bows, traditional bows, and bow accessories, Mathews bows will meet every type of archer's need and requirements.

Hunters will find Drenalin LD hunting bow to be best in performance, featuring longer ATA. Thinner, tougher, lighter, faster, cooler, and quieter hunting bow that meets and goes beyond all archer's expectations.

Those into archery competition will find 2007's Conquest 4 to be just the right thing for winning. The latest in the Conquest models, Conquest 4 features harmonic dampers, perimeter-weighted Conquest 4 Max Cam, carbon cable rod, and V-lock Limb Cups, as well as a fully machined "Aeroriser".

The Ignition 2007 will provide beginners with the right start. This new "sweet-shooting" bow from Mathews Archery features string suppressors, single-cam technology, and fully machined Aeroriser.

Those looking for traditional bows will not be disappointed with the heritage line of top traditional bow models such as Heritage, Eagle, and Hawk. These elegant works of art and craftsmanship provides exceptional performance for archers, not to mention discriminating good looks.

To complement the variety of quality bows are Mathews' archery accessories, such as quivers, arrow rests, replacement bow grips, bowstrings, and more. Other Mathews products includes shirts, hats, jackets, towels/decals, and camo laptop. Every SoloCam bow of Mathews also comes with limited lifetime warranty that prioritizes repairs.

Mathews Archery has been known for the most ultra-modern archery bow products and accessories. With a history of innovations, the company's line of products are sure to meet the high-tech demands of the future for the new archer generation.

Matthews Archery - A Tradition of Innovation
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What is Organizational Innovation?

Defining Innovation

Organizational innovation refers to new ways work can be organized, and accomplished within an organization to encourage and promote competitive advantage. It encompasses how organizations, and individuals specifically, manage work processes in such areas as customer relationships, employee performance and retention, and knowledge management.

At the core of organizational innovation is the need to improve or change a product, process or service. All innovation revolves around change - but not all change is innovative. Organizational innovation encourages individuals to think independently and creatively in applying personal knowledge to organizational challenges. Therefore, organizational innovation requires a culture of innovation that supports new ideas, processes and generally new ways of "doing business".

What is Organizational Innovation?

The Benefit of an Innovative Organization

In promoting a culture of innovation organizations should foster:

- Cross functional team building while discouraging silo building

- Independent, creative thinking to see things from a new perspective and putting oneself outside of the parameters of a job function

- Risk taking by employees while lessening the status quo

The value and importance of knowledge and learning within organizational innovation is crucial. If innovation is about change, new ideas, and looking outside of oneself to understand ones environment, then continuous learning is a requirement of organizational innovation success.

The value of learning and knowledge can only be realized once put into practice. If new organizational knowledge doesn't result in change, either in processes, business outcomes, or increased customers or revenues, then its value hasn't been translated into success.

The road to organizational innovation lies in the ability to impart new knowledge to company employees and in the application of that knowledge. Knowledge should be used for new ways of thinking, and as a stepping stone to creativity and toward change and innovation.

Steps to Innovation

To determine how supportive your current environment is in fostering innovation read the frequently asked questions and answers below, about how to build an organizational culture that encourages innovation.

1) Is a climate of innovation supported by senior management?

a. That means, that such activities as risk taking and small ad hoc work groups that brainstorm and talk through ideas need to be promoted, supported and encouraged in the organization.

2) Do managers routinely identify and bring together those individuals more oriented toward innovation those willing to think new ideas and act on them?

a. Identifying new thinkers and individuals oriented toward change helps to ensure an outlet for innovation by supporting these individuals and giving them and like-minded colleagues the time and opportunity to think creatively. This is tantamount to becoming an innovative organization.

3) Is there a process in place monitoring innovation teams and identifying what has and hasn't worked as a result of them?

a. Maintaining and monitoring innovation is important. This requires checks and balances that identifies how innovation is developed and managed and processes that capture what did or didn't work. In order to be able to continue to innovate in a changing environment, continually monitoring the internal and external environment to determine what supports or hinders innovation is key.

4) How can an organization be strategic and focused on it goals yet build and develop an innovative culture?

a. The value of a strategic focus remains important to a company's success. In fact, clear direction and understanding of a company's mission can help fuel innovation - by knowing where in the organization innovation and creativity would provide the most value. An innovative organizational culture creates a balance between strategic focus, and the value of new ideas and processes in reaching them.

5) Is there a single most important variable or ingredient that fuels an organization toward an innovative culture?

a. Similar to other successes of an organization, what drives innovation are the people of the organization. First, management must set the expectation of innovation and creativity and then "doing business" is about how to improve processes, products and customer relationships on a day-to-day basis. This mindset itself will create an ongoing culture of innovation.

What is Organizational Innovation?
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With 20 years experience as a business and learning needs analyst, Ruth offers a strategic business approach to learning. Ruth's knowledge of adult learning methodologies, and strong analytical skills, ensures she quickly understands the "big picture" of how business goals align to learning.

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Types of Innovation

Creativity can be defined as problem identification and idea generation whilst innovation can be defined as idea selection, development and commercialisation.

There are other useful definitions in this field, for example, creativity can be defined as consisting of a number of ideas, a number of diverse ideas and a number of novel ideas.

There are distinct processes that enhance problem identification and idea generation and, similarly, distinct processes that enhance idea selection, development and commercialisation. Whilst there is no sure fire route to commercial success, these processes improve the probability that good ideas will be generated and selected and that investment in developing and commercialising those ideas will not be wasted.

Types of Innovation

Types of Innovation

Tidd et al (2005) argue that there are four types of innovation; consequently the innovator has four pathways to investigate when searching for good ideas:

a) Product Innovation - new products or improvements on products. The new Mini or the updated VX Beetle, new models of mobile phones and so on.

b) Process Innovation - where some part of the process is improved to bring benefit. Just in Time is a good example.

c) Positioning Innovation - Lucozade used to be a medicinal drink but the was repositioned as a sports drink.

d) Paradigm Innovation - where major shifts in thinking cause change. During the time of the expensive mainframe, Bill Gates and others aimed to provide a home computer for everyone.

These and other topics are covered in depth in the MBA dissertation on Managing Creativity & Innovation, which can be purchased (along with an Innovation Bible, Creativity and Innovation DIY Audit, Good Idea Generator Software and Power Point Presentation) from http://www.managing-creativity.com/

You can also receive a regular, free newsletter by entering your email address at this site.

Kal Bishop, MBA

**********************************

You are free to reproduce this article as long as no changes are made and the author's name and site URL are retained.

Types of Innovation
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Kal Bishop is a management consultant based in London, UK. He has consulted in the visual media and software industries and for clients such as Toshiba and Transport for London. He has led Improv, creativity and innovation workshops, exhibited artwork in San Francisco, Los Angeles and London and written a number of screenplays. He is a passionate traveller. He can be reached on http://www.managing-creativity.com/

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Creativity and Innovation

Being creative and innovative at work has become mandatory for organizations these days. Companies like to think out of the box and present new concepts to the consumers. When creative thinking is applied to problem solving techniques, the result generated is often positive.

There are certain things that help us bring about creativity and innovation in the business. An organization must be open to learning as it encourages everyone in the office to keep thinking, innovating, collaborating, improving their capabilities, making personal commitments to their collective future, and thus increasing the firm's long-term competitive advantage.

A suggestion system must be developed by the company. They should have a system that considers creative ideas from all the employees in the organization. Every employee must be encouraged to practice this system. It should be easy to use and understand. A regular analysis should then be conducted and the employees whose ideas were accepted should be rewarded. This boosts their morale. Keep all the channels of communication open. Interaction and communication are very important as creative ideas develop through team work. This will help the company to enhance the ability to benefit from creative ideas

Creativity and Innovation

When an organization and its employees face a situation where they find themselves stuck and cannot find a solution, they should work towards arriving on a creative solution to the problem. If they focus on deriving at the right solution, their creative ability will be reduced. While doing this, a mental block can be created which will affect the flow of thought. Think of the issue in a different way and come up with a variety of solutions to choose from.

Be open to new ideas and ventures. It is not necessary to think logically at all times. Critical thinking skills based on logic are usually the main strengths deriving the right answer but it comes in the way of creative thinking and the various other possible solutions. If the company is too rigid about following specific rules it will not be able to come up with innovative ideas in the present or future. This will lead to a stunted growth of the company in the long run. Competitors may use various strategies which may leave the company lagging behind. Practical thinking comes in the way of creativity most of the times.

Bring about a little bit of fun into the workplace. This helps the mind to relax and function better by giving rise to creative ideas. Make room for mistakes. It is alright to make mistakes as they help learning what not to do. Creativity is reduced when your senses are blunted.

In order to be innovative the company must focus on doing things differently. They must we willing to try out new things and put them to practice. Every department can be broken into teams. Each team can be given an exercise to come up with the most creative solution to a problem without setting any boundaries. This will motivate the employees and make them feel important. They won't feel like they come to work with their briefcase, sit on their desk and work monotonously.

The management can find a solution to several issues if they involve the staff in solving the problem. This will lead to a rise in creativity, personal development and self growth in general.

Creativity and Innovation
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Ricky Kahn is a New York based writer who writes for briefcases, a website that offers luxury briefcases direct from the manufacturer. His writing skills reflect well in the fashion, travel and corporate sector.

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Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Part of the romanticism of entrepreneurship is the thought that entrepreneurs are creative, innovative, go-getters, risk takers, driven. All of that implies a high self-esteem and determination. In reality, having a clear understanding of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship allows managers of institutions and corporations, as well as individual, manage each area differently to get the best results.

People like creativity simply because it is fun. We reconnect with the pure pleasure of getting something that did not exist before. When we create we forget our problems, we are just being, the child comes out, we connect with ourselves and it simply feels good. Our energy pours from the inside to the outside and leaves our imprint, the object of our creation becomes an extended part of ourselves. Creativity also lives in a time and purpose vacuum. The worst enemy of creativity is a good idea.

People like innovation because it implies progress. When we innovate, we have a structure. Innovation becomes change. To change we need the reference, the constraints, the structure, the present, what is there. When we do things differently, we are also creating, but we create with a purpose, fun stops until we reach our goal. Thus, innovation has less power as a self-expression than creativity.

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Then we come to the field of entrepreneurship, one of my favorite topics. Entrepreneurship is more about creating wealth than it is about creating a company. It is closely linked to creativity, entrepreneurs MUST have something NEW to offer. It is related to innovation, entrepreneurs MUST find new ways of getting in the market, making something new, doing things differently.

When we check most new businesses, they are me-too's, and most so-called entrepreneurs are people who have bought themselves a job. They don't create, innovate or add wealth. They shift what exists to a different person.

Entrepreneurship then is the process of exploring how to add value to others in a new or different way. Entrepreneurs capture that value in the form of wealth, and then that wealth with others: clients, users, employees, suppliers, community, governments, etc. To understand that being creative and being innovative is not enough and to be aware that there is a maximized value waiting to be discovered or created, is what entrepreneurs do best when they plan, then they take action, and finally, they evolve.

It is not a matter of luck as most people link entrepreneurship with creativity and innovation. If you don't have anything, you create. If you have an unwanted present, you innovate. If you want to create wealth, you give that creation or innovation, the best chance. You don't need money to create wealth, you need creativity and innovation.

It is by thinking and taking action, by consciously discovering where the creations or innovations have the highest perceived value that entrepreneurs build their wealth... and by doing so, create prosperity beyond themselves. It is not about becoming rich but building wealth.

Without the notion of creating wealth, creativity and innovation can't find a place in the market. To be able to distinguish where the highest value is, who is the ideal customer or client is to bring prosperity to our communities, and to act upon that thought, is what entrepreneurs thrive at.

There are many tools and methods that capture how entrepreneurs create wealth. It is not an art, or a science. It is the conscious effort of making the best of a product or a service, to find those who value it best, and capture that value, what lies inside the entrepreneur.

Creating wealth escapes the obvious, and creates new valued propositions. Sometimes we use innovation to improve what is there, but most likely, the best results come from a free, playful, fun exercise of creating wealth. Whatever you do to create wealth will improve your skills and build up that wealthing muscle. Even if you compose a song in tribute to your wealth when you are showering!

Here is to your wealth and joy,

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
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Alicia Castillo Holley is an international expert on entrepreneurship and innovation. She has started 9 companies and one not-for-profit, raised millions of dollars and trained thousands of people. She's a recognized author, speaker and seminar leader.
http://www.wealthing.com

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Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation

Organizational structure can inhibit or foster creativity and innovation. The problem with organizational structure though, is that it is resultant of many factors, including history, organic growth, strategy, operational design, product diversity, logistics, marketing, client base, supplier base and so forth. Therefore, what managers need, are not recipes for complete structural change, but insights into the properties of fostering structures that can be adapted into the existing structure.

To start, it is useful to analyse the preferred structures against the not so preferred. There are many definitions of types of organizational structure, but one example is:

a) Mechanistic structures (generally not preferred) - includes centralised control and authority, clearly defined tasks, vertical communication links, obedience to supervisors, rigidity and inflexibility.

Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation

b) Organic structures (generally preferred) - decentralisation of authority, tasks loosely defined, horizontal communications, greater individual authority, flexible, adaptable.

Experience shows that the above can be misleading. For example, flat organisations are generally preferred and hierarchical ones not preferred, however, even flat organisations are in reality hierarchical.

Importantly, if we have a mechanistic structure, what factors allow us to move in the right direction without wholesale change?

Some answers include:

a) Direct communication links to decision makers.

b) Communication and information flow between departments.

c) Tangible progression of ideas from problem to solution, product development to commercialisation.

d) Creative teams working outside but linked into the organization, whose culture, processes etc diffuse into the existing structure.

These and other topics are covered in depth in the MBA dissertation on Managing Creativity & Innovation, which can be purchased (along with a Creativity and Innovation DIY Audit, Good Idea Generator Software and Power Point Presentation) from http://www.managing-creativity.com

Kal Bishop, MBA

**********************************

You are free to reproduce this article as long as no changes are made and the author's name and site URL are retained.

Please rate this article below.

Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation
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Kal Bishop is a management consultant based in London, UK. He has consulted in the visual media and software industries and for clients such as Toshiba and Transport for London. He has led Improv, creativity and innovation workshops, exhibited artwork in San Francisco, Los Angeles and London and written a number of screenplays. He is a passionate traveller. He can be reached on http://www.managing-creativity.com.

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