Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation

Organizational structure can inhibit or foster creativity and innovation. The problem with organizational structure though, is that it is resultant of many factors, including history, organic growth, strategy, operational design, product diversity, logistics, marketing, client base, supplier base and so forth. Therefore, what managers need, are not recipes for complete structural change, but insights into the properties of fostering structures that can be adapted into the existing structure.

To start, it is useful to analyse the preferred structures against the not so preferred. There are many definitions of types of organizational structure, but one example is:

a) Mechanistic structures (generally not preferred) - includes centralised control and authority, clearly defined tasks, vertical communication links, obedience to supervisors, rigidity and inflexibility.

Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation

b) Organic structures (generally preferred) - decentralisation of authority, tasks loosely defined, horizontal communications, greater individual authority, flexible, adaptable.

Experience shows that the above can be misleading. For example, flat organisations are generally preferred and hierarchical ones not preferred, however, even flat organisations are in reality hierarchical.

Importantly, if we have a mechanistic structure, what factors allow us to move in the right direction without wholesale change?

Some answers include:

a) Direct communication links to decision makers.

b) Communication and information flow between departments.

c) Tangible progression of ideas from problem to solution, product development to commercialisation.

d) Creative teams working outside but linked into the organization, whose culture, processes etc diffuse into the existing structure.

These and other topics are covered in depth in the MBA dissertation on Managing Creativity & Innovation, which can be purchased (along with a Creativity and Innovation DIY Audit, Good Idea Generator Software and Power Point Presentation) from http://www.managing-creativity.com

Kal Bishop, MBA

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Organizational Structure, Creativity, Innovation
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Kal Bishop is a management consultant based in London, UK. He has consulted in the visual media and software industries and for clients such as Toshiba and Transport for London. He has led Improv, creativity and innovation workshops, exhibited artwork in San Francisco, Los Angeles and London and written a number of screenplays. He is a passionate traveller. He can be reached on http://www.managing-creativity.com.

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A Brief History of Gymnastics

Gymnastics is a graceful and artistic sport that requires a combination of strength, balance, agility, and muscle coordination, usually performed on specialized apparatus. Gymnasts perform sequences of movements requiring flexibility, endurance, and kinesthetic awareness, such as handsprings, handstands, split leaps, aerials and cartwheels.

Gymnastics as we know it dates back to ancient Greece. The early Greeks practiced gymnastics to prepare for war. Activities like jumping, running, discus throwing, wrestling, and boxing helped develop the muscles needed for hand-to-hand combat. Additional fitness practices used by the ancient Greeks included methods for mounting and dismounting a horses and a variety of circus performance skills.

Gymnastics became a central component of ancient Greek education and was mandatory for all students. Gymnasia, buildings with open-air courts where the training took place, evolved into schools where gymnastics, rhetoric, music, and mathematics were taught. The ancinet Olympic Games were born near this time.

A Brief History of Gymnastics

As the Roman Empire ascended, Greek gymnastics for was more or less turned into military training. In 393 AD the Emperor Theodosius abolished the Olympic Games completely. The games had become corrupt, and gymnastics, along with other sports declined. For centuries, gymnastics was all but forgotten.

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries two pioneer physical educators, Johann Friedrich GutsMuth and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn created exercises for boys and young men on sseveral apparatus they had designed. This innovation ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. As a result, Friedrich Jahn became known as the "father of gymnastics". Jahn introduced the horizontal bar, parallel bars, side horse with pommels, balance beam, ladder, and vaulting horse.

In the early nineteenth century, educators in the United States followed suit and adopted German and Swedish gymnastics training programs. By the early twentieth century, the armed services began publishing drill manuals featuring all manner of gymnastic exercises. According to the US Army Manual of Physical Drill, these important drills provided proper instruction for the bodies of active young men.

As time went by, however, military activity moved away from hand-to-hand combat and toward fighter planes and contemporary computer-controlled weapons. As a result of the development of modern warfare, gymnastics training as the mind and body connection, so important for the Greek, German, and Swedish educational traditions, began to lose force. Gymnastics once again took on the aura of being a competitive sport.

By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics was popular enough to be included in the first modern Olympic Games held in 1896. The sport was a little different from what we currently know as gymnastics however. Up until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises the modern gymnast may find a bit odd such as synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder just to name a few.

Women first started to participate in gymnastics events in the 1920s and the first women's Olympic competition was held in the 1928 Games in Amsterdam, although the only event was synchronized calisthenics. Combined exercises for women were first held in 1928, and the 1952 Olympics featured the first full regime of events for women.

By the 1954 Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and scoring standards, including a point system from 1 to 10, were implemented.
Modern Men's gymnastics events are scored on an individual and team basis, and presently include the floor exercise, horizontal bar, parallel bars, rings, pommel horse, vaulting, and the all-around, which combines the scores of the other six events.

Women's gymnastic events include balance beam, uneven parallel bars, combined exercises, floor exercises, vaulting, and rhythmic sportive gymnastics.

Until 1972, gymnastics for men emphasized power and strength, while women performed routines focused on grace of movement. That year, however, a 17-year-old Soviet gymnast named Olga Korbut captivated a television audience with her innovative and explosive routines.

Nadia Comaneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Olympic Games held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached by the famous Romanian, Bela Karolyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Nadia will always be remembered as "a fourteen year old, ponytailed little girl" who showed the world that perfection could be achieved.

Mary Lou Retton became America's sweetheart with her two perfect scores and her gold medal in the All-Around competition in front of the home crowd in the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.

These days gymnastics is a household name and many children participate in gymnastics at one time or another as they grow up. Olga Korbut, Nadia Comaneci, and Mary Lou Retton, along with all those gymnasts since, have helped popularize women's competitive gymnastics, making it one of the most watched Olympic events. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent.

A Brief History of Gymnastics
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Denise Villani is an author and the webmaster of several websites and article directories. Find more articles and information on gymnastics at Gymnastics-Stuff.com.

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The Importance of Effective Communication

No matter how brilliant and invaluable your idea, it is worthless unless you can share it with others. For this reason, effective communication is crucial at every level of an organization. However, the ability to communicate effectively does not come easily to many people, and it is a skill that requires practice.

We begin practicing our communication skills even before we learn to walk. A newborn child communicates by crying, but it slowly learns to mimic its parents' speech. Eventually, the child discovers that certain speech patterns elicit different responses; one of the joys of parenting is trying to decipher the meaning behind certain "words." Does "baaaaaw" mean that the baby wants his ball, his bottle, or his blanket? Slowly, through trial and error, the child learns to manipulate sounds to get what it wants, and as the child develops, this active oral practice leads to more nuanced and fluid conversations. In short, the child learns effective communication.

To effectively communicate a complex idea, however, requires skills beyond elementary conversation. There are two golden rules to remember and follow.

The Importance of Effective Communication

Golden Rule #1: Organize thoughts in your mind before sharing them with others.

One idea often prompts a torrent of others. In order to share your ideas, you must first shape them coherently. Organization is important, because it creates a pattern for your listener, allowing him or her to grasp the larger picture intuitively. This allows the listener to focus on the details of your message, without struggling to understand how you went from Point A to Point B.

As a thought experiment, imagine that a colleague has asked you for directions to the airport. Write them down. Your directions will probably look something like:

* Drive west half a mile on Aurora.

* Take a left on Madison.

* At the third light, turn right and follow Dexter for 2-3 miles.

* Get on the interstate, heading south.

* Etc.

Now, with a pair of scissors, cut each line of instructions into a small strip of paper. Jumble the strips up and arrange them in a completely random order, then give them to your colleague. Even with mixed-up directions, s/he should have no trouble reaching the airport, right? After all, your directions are complete and accurate. Not a single step is missing.

The problem, of course, is that your directions are also completely unorganized, rendering them useless. Your colleague will find it impossible to focus on your message itself, because he or she will struggle to follow your message's structure (or lack thereof).

Golden Rule #2: Communication is collaborative, not competitive.

Thrusting your idea on others mars the beauty and integrity of conversation. Communication is in some ways like a dance; each partner plays off the other, basing his or her steps on the other person's, while simultaneously maintaining a certain amount of individuality.

Communication is a two-way process involving an exchange of ideas. If you try to make it one-way, you prevent this exchange and will eventually frustrate the other person. You may also frustrate yourself, if you read the other person's lack of verbosity as disinterest in the conversation, rather than an inability to get a word in.

The hallmark of effective communication is the coherent verbal projection of your ideas, so that your listener receives the message that you intend to send. By observing these two rules, you will reduce miscommunication and misunderstandings.

The Importance of Effective Communication
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Barbara Stennes, CSP, is president and owner of Resources Unlimited, a consulting firm based in Des Moines, Iowa. She is widely recognized as an expert on team building, customer service, creativity, and innovation. To learn how Barbara can help your organization, please visit Resources Unlimited or de Bono Online.

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Innovation Definition - The Four Requirements For Innovation

Innovation is the lifeblood of any organization. It is therefore important that we have a good working innovation definition. Innovation can apply to many things. It is usually the term applied to a new product, but it can also be used to describe new processes, methods or inventions.

Here are four essential ingredients to a definition of innovation:

1. Something New

Innovation Definition - The Four Requirements For Innovation

Everyone likes something new. How many advertisements have you seen that use the words "new and improved"? We all want the latest and greatest products and ways of doing things. Newness, however, is just the beginning.

2. Better Than What Exists

New for the sake of being new is of little value. It must also be improved. A new and improved toothpaste must have a new that increases its perceived value. A new office procedure must actually do something better than the old way.

3. Economically Viable

Does it make or save money? If it doesn't then it shouldn't be implemented. If the new and improved toothpaste makes more sales that in turn makes more profits, it is a profitable addition. If your new office procedure improves the efficiency of the work place and therefore saves labor costs, it makes the organization more profitable.

4. Widespread Appeal

All the first 3 elements are very important and even related to this one. However, there needs to be a basic appeal to the new innovation. If not it won't sell. If your new and improved toothpaste is licorice flavored, then it might have very limited appeal. It is new and improved. Licorice may even be a cheaper flavor to implement that any others. If nobody wants it, then it is not a true innovation.

The same would apply to your office change. if it requires an action that no one in the office likes, then it is doomed from the start.

Innovation Definition - The Four Requirements For Innovation
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A greater understanding of innovation and how it influences your organization can be found at innovation definition or http://www.new-inventions-success.com/Innovation-Definition.html

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How to Fix Rundll32.exe?

What Is Rundll32.exe?

Rundll32.exe is an important process of your windows operating system. The process rundll32.exe executes dll files and puts their libraries into your system's memory. Without this process your computer would become instable and very slow.

The process runs from your system directory C:\windows\system32. If it executes or runs from a different location it is most likely a virus or trojan horse. You should scan your computer immediately with a virus scanner. Viruses using the name rundll32.exe are W32.Miroot.Worm. Backdoor.Lastdoor, and Trojan.StartPage (among others).

How to Fix Rundll32.exe?

Fix Rundll32.exe

If a virus, such as the Netsky, destroys your rundll32.exe or, if for some other reason, your rundll32.exe is corrupt or gets accidentally removed, you need to take the following action:

Locate a Copy of Rundll32.exe on Your System

Check if you find a copy of rundll32.exe in the folder C:\windows\system32\dllcache or in C:\windows\ServicePackFiles\i386. If this is the case, go ahead and copy rundll32.exe to the system folder C:\windows\system32

If you don't find a copy on your system, you can try to find the file on your windows installation disks. Lastly, you could simply re-install windows. However, this would be very time-consuming and you might lose all your data. So this would be the last resort.

First of All Run a System Repair Tool to Fix Rundll32.exe

There are various tools available on the Internet that scan, analyze, and fix your computer. Besides fixing your rundll32.exe, these tools will remove any registry errors, remove invalid shortcuts and duplicate files, repair DLL files, and remove startup and runtime errors.

How to Fix Rundll32.exe?
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A highly recommended tool is Errorsmart which is available for free at http://www.SpeedUpMyPc.Info. Before re-installing windows, give Errorsmart a try and check if it is able to fix your rundll32.exe. You will be surprised!

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4 Strategic Planning Tools For Business Model Innovation and Business Strategy Design

There are strategic planning tools for pretty much any objective a business executive can conceive of. However, for managers and entrepreneurs wishing to innovate their business model, it can be challenging making the leap from conventional thinking to the sort of creative but realistic thinking from which the next generation of sustainable profits can develop.

Knowing the types of tools you can use for various kinds of business strategy tasks can you get far more innovative results from your strategy development sessions while cutting the time it takes to arrive at good business models.

Tools for Mapping and Dominating Uncontested Market Spaces

4 Strategic Planning Tools For Business Model Innovation and Business Strategy Design

1. Strategy Canvas

The Strategy Canvas is a tool first introduced in the book, "Blue Ocean Strategy" by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne. It is a chart that plots the positions of business competitors relative to the factors important to the customer marketplace. The horizontal axis plots the factors of competition (hopefully established through customer knowledge), and the vertical axis plots the degree of offering or service level.

Using this chart differences between current and potential business competitors can be graphically portrayed. The primary point of the strategy canvas is to illustrate divergence between market and business strategies as it relates to customer needs. By using a strategy canvas, you can create a new value innovation that breaks the conflict between low cost and differentiation - the heart of blue ocean strategy.

The strategy canvas is also a great tool for USP development.

2. Strategic Control Point Index

This is a tool used to assess the level of strategic control a business has in its industry relative to competing businesses and organizations. It was best articulated by management consultant Adrian Slywotzky in "The Profit Zone" (a book which I highly recommend). The strategic control point index classifies these control points according to the level of "profit-protecting power" they confer to a business.

Simply put, it is a simple description of the path to monopoly power (or at least near-monopoly) in any business design. The profit protecting power of these strategic control points go from "None", "low", "medium" to "high". Some examples of strategic control points given by Slywotzky include:

10 to 20 percent cost advantage in commodity product (low) One-year product development lead (slightly higher, but still low) Two-year product development lead (medium) Brand, copyright (slightly higher, but still medium) Customer relationship ownership (High) String of superdominant market positions (Higher) Management of the Value Chain (Even higher) Standards Ownership (Highest)

3. 6 Paths Framework

This analytical tool is another from "blue ocean strategy" and masterfully gives strategists a way to think across the "six conventional boundaries of competition" to systematically construct new assumptions and stimulate product or business design breakthroughs. The idea is that one of these unconventional ways of looking at the competitive landscape may crack open a strategic breakthrough.

a) Look across industries - Compete with alternatives and substitutes for your product/service rather than those you think are your competition.

b) Look across strategic groups - Look at how your new strategy can be developed between the naturally assumed strategic boundaries in your industry.

c) Look across the chain of buyers - Consider how you can change the game by changing the defined "primary buyers.

d) Look across complementary products and services - Thinking about the whole system of your customer's typically solution (in which your current offering might be just a small part).

e) Look across functional or emotional appeal - Examine how you may be able to create a new value curve by adding emotion to a functionally oriented industry, or removing stripping out emotion and reducing a product or service to its functional core.

f) Look across time - Adjust your time horizon to a different point or cycle than is typical in the rest of your industry.

4. Business Design Matrix

The business design matrix is a great analytical tool that you can use to help understand and analyze "at a glance" the business models of your competitors. It is largely derived from the work of Dr. Adrian Slywotzky. The criteria across which you analyze your competitors as well as your own organization include:

Customer selection Profit Capture System(s) Differentiation / Strategic Control Scope of offerings and presence

These core four considerations provide a foundation for deciding marketing strategy - a foundation upon which a larger business strategy can comfortably rest.

4 Strategic Planning Tools For Business Model Innovation and Business Strategy Design
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List of Famous Duos

Two, as they say, are better than one. No man is an island, thus, he needs a sparring partner, a romantic mate, an other half, or whatever you may call it. In this list of famous duos, we let you in on the most successful, notable, and unforgettable duos that were introduced either in the entertainment field, at the blueprint of a timeless story, at the dining table, and just about wherever!

Romeo and Juliet - Theirs is a case of everlasting love. Although their feuding families (the Capulets and the Montagues) would not allow it, Romeo and Juliet decided to have a go on their destiny together. No love is lost as the romantic duo was beside each other in death. They took their own lives in a case of double suicide that was mainly brought about by misinformation.

Batman and Robin - This fantastic duo made it to the top by mesmerizing comics fans everywhere. Their popularity zoomed out of comic pages and into the boob tube. Right after Batman and Robin secured leading roles in their own television show, they were launched onto the big screen in several unforgettable films. Certainly, it cannot be possible with just Batman or Robin. That's why they are in this list of famous duos.

List of Famous Duos

Bread and butter - In terms of food, there can never be better than anything else than bread and butter. This simple yet famous pair can be seen beside each other in every dining table anywhere in the world.

Adam and Eve - In the beginning, God decided wittily to make a pair instead of just a man or a woman. These two did not disappoint. They fulfilled their mission as the first man and woman. We definitely owe it to Adam and Eve's genetic contribution to our society, no matter which society you belong.

Barbie and Ken - Before Dora had Boots and even before Mickey Mouse had Donald Duck, Barbie had Ken. The world-famous dolls have been wowing fans everywhere for so many decades. They were made into many different versions, to the delight of toy collectors.

Bonnie and Clyde - One of the most successful pairs in history and definitely deserving of a spot in this list of famous duos, is Bonnie and Clyde. The duo of robbers made an excruciating difference in the criminal universe, choosing to rob small stores and gas stations rather than big commercial banks, which can rake in millions for them in an instant. Incidentally, aside from being renowned outlaws, Bonnie and Clyde also happened to be lovers.

Beavis and Butthead - That one special thing that the era of music television brought to mankind is the duo of Beavis and Butthead. That is reason enough for them to belong in this list of famous duos.

List of Famous Duos
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Please click these links if you want to know more about list of famous duos or list of famous male actors in general.

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Innovation - Step by Step Instructions

Anyone can be innovative. From macro to micro innovation, a lot of positive things will result. To innovate every day, at work or at home, follow these steps and see where they take you.

Solve problems that need solving

Pets.com solved a problem that didn't need solving. Amazon.com and eBay, on the other hand, solved problems that needed solving. Consider what's frustrating you. Really dig into the problem. Ask "why" at least five times to get to the real problem. Determine if solving the problem will have a material impact on your life and/or work.

Innovation - Step by Step Instructions

Early in my career I worked for the advertising agency that had the Energizer Battery account. I was perplexed by the differences in sales volume reported by the various sources we used. I kept asking "why" until I got to the root of the problem.

Look outside for answers

The answer is probably not obvious, so don't focus on what's immediately in front of you, go outside for the answer. Seth Godin went outside when he repackaged direct marketing principles and called it Permission Marketing. Consider how another industry might look at the problem. Ask someone outside your field what they would do.

When I worked on the Energizer account Boom Boxes and Walkmans were just making inroads into youth culture. Yes, I'm that old. To see where the volume discrepancy came from I had to step outside the confines of the ad agency.

Review with the uninformed

When you think you have an idea, a potential solution for the problem, socialize it among the uninformed, share it with people who have knowledge of the problem but aren't actively involved in solving it.

Most, I'm afraid to say, will provide you with all the reasons why your idea won't work. For you, this isn't a bad thing. Don't defend your idea. Put your ego aside and carefully listen to their objections. Draw out their reasoning. Explore their perspective. This is valuable information you can use to sell your idea when it really matters.

Back to batteries. I crafted an idea to exploit the volume source and shared it with my boss. He didn't think it would work. I shared it with others and got various reactions, almost all negative. With all this information I built my plan to sell the idea. It started with an invitation to the Brand Manager.

"Come and hang out at a school yard with me. I'll buy lunch afterward."

He was skeptical but agreed to go. After all, I offered to buy lunch. What we saw was kids, many kids using batteries to power their portable music devices. All the measurement tools we relied on, except for actual sales, were research based and didn't consider that kids would buy batteries.

Test your way to overnight success

Once you have your brilliant plan, test it in the real world. There is nothing like the crucible of reality to take the edges off an idea. In the real world you will discover many of the nuances needed for success that you didn't understand when it was an intellectual exercise. Keep an open mind and let the market improve your thinking. A diamond requires a lot of polishing to become brilliant.

After our trip to the school yard, and no explanations to the police were required, we discussed how to take advantage of the opportunity. We organized a test in five record stores in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Some time I will describe what it's like to do store checks in Manitoba, in January. The inventory turns we saw were up to 10 times what we expected based on traditional channels. We used the test results to build a sales sheet, which we took to a national record store chain. They agreed to carry batteries. We created a completely new channel of distribution, worth many millions of dollars, for Energizer batteries.

Conclusions

Solve the problems that make a difference. Be sure solving the problem will add significant value to your life and / or work situation. Look outside for the answer. A different perspective will shine a new light on the problem and allow you to see paths not available before. Review the problem with the uninformed. Explore it with others to better understand the problem and the challenges you need to overcome. Test your way to overnight success. Even the most brilliant innovations didn't happen without some experimentation. Before the iPhone there was the Newton.

Innovation - Step by Step Instructions
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James Hipkin, understands the practice of marketing as only someone with decades of practical experience can. His multi-disciplined background and broad exposure to major B2C brands in Europe and the US give him a unique perspective that leaders of businesses, big and small, can benefit from. James is available for consulting assignments and is an accomplished speaker. For more of his thoughts on Marketing Strategy, Customer Relationship Marketing and innovation go to Hipkin's Hip Shots.

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